The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) will argue the banks should have known the securities were not sound.
Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase and Goldman Sachs are to face action, according to the paper’s sources, and suits could be filed today.
The FHFA – which oversees mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac – blames the banks for failing to perform adequate checks on the quality of mortgage securities they sold on to investors before the financial crisis in 2008.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac lost more than $30bn (£18.5bn), partly because of the deals, and had to be bailed out by the government.
The suits follow subpoenas the finance agency issued to banks last year, according to the newspaper.