I had lunch last week with a Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) member and I asked him why the Bank did not cut rates below 0.5% in order to help the banking sector improve its Net Interest Margins (NIMs) and thus its capitalisation.
The MPC member replied that it was a matter of record that the Bank had discussed a rate cut in the autumn, but rejected it because of some technical reasons around the operations of the money markets (which nobody seems able to fully explain) and because the feed through into the banks’ funding costs would likely be limited.
I disagree that there would be no benefit in a Bank rate cut and the news this weekend that Halifax is raising its mortgage rate from 3.5% to 3.99% for 850,000 standard variable rate (SVR) mortgage borrowers will help show why.
Halifax needs to improve its margins and become profitable before it will be able to increase its lending to the UK economy and slow its delevering.
The method it (or the state?) has chosen to improve its margins is to raise the interest burden on UK consumers (by 14% to those on the SVR).
This is a zero sum game to the UK economy. Consumers lose by the amount that the banks gain – there might even be a negative multiplier effect as the banks use their gain to delever whilst the consumer stops spending to the extend of their loss?.
If the Bank of England cuts rates (to near zero) many of the funding costs that directly impact Halifax, including LIBOR and five-year interest rate swap rates, would also fall.
Halifax would not need to pass on these rate cuts to customers, but the mortgage borrowers are not worse off and the banks have improved their margins.
So the Bank of England should cut rates later this week – the impact will of course be relatively small as we reach the ‘zero bound’, but it is probably more certain in its effectiveness than a theoretically equivalent amount of quantitative easing.
Finally, the papers I read this weekend talking about the Halifax SVR rate increase said that the reason for the hike was due to increased funding costs in the wholesale markets.
But is that true?
Three-month LIBOR rates (a measure of short-term money market costs) have fallen year to date, albeit marginally, five-year swap rates (a measure of fixed rate mortgage funding costs) remain around record lows, and senior CDS spreads for both European banks in general and Halifax specifically are both much lower than their 2011 Q4 highs.
If anything, since the ECB announced its tjhree-year LTRO facilities, both the cost of funding and the availability of liquidity for the banking sector have improved – and mortgage rates in an ideal world should be falling.
